Liankil Cinzah
Grammarians (Grammar athiammi tampi an um. Cuhna lakah High School English Grammar tialtu Wren le Martin hna hi a tel vemi an si. Anmah chuakmi nakin a tling deuhmi le a tha deuhmi English Grammar hi atu tiang an um rih lo.
Wren le Martin lawng si loin Grammar tialtu vialte nih Noun (min) hi phun (4) in an then. Cu min (4) hna cu -
1. Proper noun (Min taktak), e.g: - David, Obama, Yangon, Thailand, etc 2. Common noun (Tlanghrawm min) e.g: - Man, girl, town, river, country, etc 3. Collective noun (Tlangkomh min) e.g: - Committee, party, class, crowd, audience, etc 4. Abstract noun (Lungthli min) e.g: - Life, death, happiness, fellowship, slalvery, etc
Min dang vialte hna hi cafang hme (small letter) in tial ding an si.
Biatlang hramthawknak a si lawngah cafang ngan (capital letter) in thawk ding a si an ti. Proper noun (Min taktak) cu a hramthawknak ah cafang ngan in thawk ding a si an ti. Proper noun hi aw pakhat a chuaknak paoh ah cafang ngan in thawk i cafang then ding a si lai ti zong a um lo. (All the proper nouns are to be written in capital letter at the beginning).
E.g: - Proper nouns (Min taktak pawl) - Abdulla, Alex, Daniel, Moses, Richard, Samaira, Mandalay, Hakha, etc Common nouns(Tlanghrawm min hna) - Minung, uico, arti, hrai,etc
Kannih Chin pawl cu sullam ngei in min a sakmi kan si caah kan min hi kan then dih ding a si tiah micheukhat nih an chim. Min saknak ahhin Mirang min, Hebrew min, Bama min, Chin min, zeibantuk miphun an si zongah an min vialte hi sullam ngei in an sakmi lawngte an si ve. Midang nih a sullam kan hngalh lo zongah min saktu nih cun a sak duhnak sullam cu a hngalh hrimhrim ko lai. Cucu aho paoh kan si ciomi a si.
E.g: -
Abdulla (Muslim/ Quranic name) meaning - Servant of Allah (God)
Alex (Arabic/American name) meaning - Defender of men.
Daniel (Hebrew name) meaning - God is my judge.
John (American name) meaning - The Grace of God.
Moses (Hebrew name) meaning - Taken from water.
Richard (American name) meaning - Powerful ruler.
Samaira (Indian Tamil name) meaning - Eternal beauty.
Cawisang (Lai name) meaning - Exalt, The Lord exalts.
(Let the owner of this name be exalted by God)
Minthang (Lai name) meaning - Be popular/ famous.
(Let the owner of this name be popular/famous)
Newin (Burmese name) meaning - The sun is bright.
(Let the owner of this name be as bright as the sun)
Aungthu (Burmses name) meaning - Victor, the winner of a battle
or competition).
Lai min "Van Bik" sullam hi "zeizong vialte lakah vancungkhua khi a sang bik, a lianngan bik, a biapi bik" ti chimduhnak a si.
"Chan Ceu" timi min sullam hi "Kan chan hi a ceu cang" ti dunak a si ve.
"Dawt Sung" hi "Dawtnak hi a sung cem/tuk" ti duhnak a si.
"Sang Hlei" zong "A hlei in kan sang khun" tinak a si ve ko.
"Za That" hi "A zaza in sa ka rak kah/thah" ti chimduhnak a si.
Cun "Phun Sang" timi min sullam hi " Kannih hi a sangmi miphun kan si or Bawi phun kan si" tinak a si.
Catial ning, Min tial ning, cafang hmang ning vialte a kan chimtu le a kan cawnpiaktu cu Grammar a si. Grammar nih min tial tikah - Aw pakhat a chuaknak paoh ah cafang then dih i cafang ngan in thawk ding a si lai timi cawnpiaknak pakhat hmanh a um lo.
Proper noun (Min taktak) paohpaoh cu cafang ngan in thawk a si lai a ti cang hnucun a changtu vialte cu cafang hme (small letter) an si lai ti cu a fiang ko cang. Vawleicung minung vialte hna min zong sullam ngeimi lawng an si ve ko. Kannih Chin miphun, Bama miphun lawng sullam ngei in min a sakmi kan si lo. Cucaah min kan tial tikah "A aw pakhat a chuaknak paoh cafang ngan in tial le aw pakhat a chuaknak paoh ah cafang then ti lo in Grammar nih a kan cawnpiak ning in Proper noun/ Min taktak ti hngalhnak caah canfang ngan (capital letter) in thawk, a dang vialte cafang hme in tial le fonh dih a si lawngah vawleicung pi catial ning le min tial ning he a khat khawh ding a si. Aw pakhat a chuakmi paoh cangfang thenmi hi cu min a si lo, biatlang (sentence) a si cang.
Cuaah -
Van Bik - Vanbik,
Chan Ceu - Chanceu,
Dawt Sung - Dawtsung,
Sang Hlei - Sanghlei,
Za That - Zathat,
Phun Sang - Phunsang, tiin tial ding an si. Hihi min tial ning hmanmi a si.
Min Tial Ning / How To Write Proper Names -
1. Min taktak hi cafang ngan in thawk ding.
2. Phun min thlak duh ahcun cafang ngan in thawk ve ding.
3. Pa min thlak duh ahcun cafang ngan in thawk ve ding.
4. Krifa min thlak duh ahcun cafang ngan in thawk ve ding.
Min taktak pawl -
Obama, Estrada, Hayman, Sharanya, Manghlei.
E.g: -
Barack Obama - Barack = Pa min, Obama =Min taktak (Africa min)
Joseph Estrada - Joseph = Krifa min, Estrada = Min taktak
(Philipine min).
Hayman Newin - Hayman = Min taktak, Newin = Pa min
(Kawl min)
Sharanya Moham - Sharanya = Min taktak, Moham = Pa min
(Indian Tamil min)
Manghlei Cinzah - Manghlei = Min taktak, Cinzah = Phun min
(Lai min)
Cun - Aungsan Su Kyi - Aungsan = Pa min, Su = Min taktak,
Kyi = Nu min (Asho Chin min)
Osama bin Laden - "Laden fapa Osama" sullam ngeimi Muslim min.
Mahathir bin Mohamad - "Mohamad fapa Mahathir" sullam ngeimi
Muslim min zong an um ve.
Minung min le khua - ram - hmun - phun - min tial ning a dang lai timi ruahnak hi palhmi ruahnak a si. Min ah First name, Middle name, Last name - timi pawl ahhin awchuak pakhat hnu pakhat then in first name, middle name, last name tiin then ding ti duhnak a si lo. Min taktak Pa min, Phun min or Krifa min tibaktuk thennak hi a chimduhnak a si.
E.g: - Van Bawi Thang Khenmual timi min hi zeitindah First name, Middle name, Last name na tial lai! A si thiam lomi a si.
Mah tiin tial ding a si.
Vanbawithang Khenmual -
Vanbawithang = First name.
Khenmual = Last name.
Aungsan Su Kyi -
Aungsan = First name
Su = Middle name
Kyi = Last name.
Kannih Chin minung lawng si loin kan Kawlram miphun min kan tial ning a hman lomi vialte caah le ramdang ummi kan Chin miphun hawi dihlak caah thahnem-santlai si khawhnak ding caah ka vun langhtermi capar a si.
By- C. Laiki
( 1 - 7 - 2016 )
Rel ding a dang...
Lai Min Tialning. By- Luke Sui Kung Ling
